Why dogs get ear infections
A dog ear infection typically affects the outer ear (otitis externa), though it can also reach the middle (otitis media) or inner ear (otitis interna) if not addressed promptly. Dogs have L-shaped ear canals that trap moisture, debris, and bacteria — making infections more likely, especially in breeds with floppy ears like Labradors, Cocker Spaniels, and Basset Hounds.
Causes of ear infections in dogs
Several things can trigger an infection:
- Bacteria or yeast overgrowth (often due to excess moisture)
- Ear mites, especially in puppies
- Allergies (to food, environment, or fleas)
- Foreign objects like grass seeds
- Excess wax or debris buildup
- Hormonal imbalances or autoimmune diseases
Underlying conditions such as hypothyroidism or chronic skin problems may also make dogs more prone to recurring ear infections.
Symptoms to watch for
A dog with an ear infection may show one or more of these signs:
- Head shaking or tilting
- Frequent scratching at the ear
- Redness, swelling, or warmth in the ear
- Foul odor
- Discharge (yellow, brown, or bloody)
- Crusting or scabbing inside the ear
- Pain or sensitivity when touched
- Loss of balance or coordination (in severe cases)
If you notice any of these symptoms, especially if they persist beyond a day, it’s best to schedule a veterinary appointment.
Diagnosing and treating dog ear infections
Your vet will examine the ear with an otoscope and may take a sample of the discharge to look for yeast, bacteria, or mites under a microscope. Depending on the cause, they may prescribe:
- Antibiotic drops (for bacterial infections)
- Antifungal medication (for yeast infections)
- Anti-inflammatory drugs (to reduce swelling and pain)
- Ear cleaners to flush out debris
- Oral medication in more severe or deep infections
Most infections clear up within 1–2 weeks with proper treatment. Never use human ear drops or home remedies without veterinary guidance — they can worsen the problem.
Preventing future infections
Prevention is key, especially for dogs prone to ear issues. Here’s what you can do:
- Clean ears regularly using a vet-approved ear solution (ask how often)
- Dry ears thoroughly after swimming or bathing
- Avoid overcleaning, which can cause irritation
- Trim ear hair if it blocks airflow
- Address allergies or skin issues promptly
- Feed a balanced diet to support immune health
Regular grooming and checks are especially important for dogs with heavy or floppy ears.
Chronic or recurring infections
If your dog keeps getting ear infections, your vet may investigate deeper causes like food allergies, endocrine issues, or immune dysfunction. Chronic infections can damage the ear canal or eardrum, leading to long-term hearing loss or balance issues.
In rare cases, surgery (like a total ear canal ablation) may be needed to resolve repeated, painful infections that don’t respond to other treatment.
When to see the vet urgently
Seek immediate care if your dog has:
- A head tilt or balance issues
- Severe pain or crying when ears are touched
- Bloody discharge
- Signs of hearing loss
- Loss of appetite or lethargy along with ear symptoms
These could signal a deep or spreading infection that needs fast treatment.
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